mahmoud, manal. (2013). The Torches in Graeco-Roman Egypt The Ritual and Practical uses المشاعل فى مصر اليونانية الرومانية الاستخدامات الطقسيه والعمليه. حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى", 16(1), 74-109. doi: 10.21608/cguaa.2013.32550
manal mahmoud. "The Torches in Graeco-Roman Egypt The Ritual and Practical uses المشاعل فى مصر اليونانية الرومانية الاستخدامات الطقسيه والعمليه". حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى", 16, 1, 2013, 74-109. doi: 10.21608/cguaa.2013.32550
mahmoud, manal. (2013). 'The Torches in Graeco-Roman Egypt The Ritual and Practical uses المشاعل فى مصر اليونانية الرومانية الاستخدامات الطقسيه والعمليه', حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى", 16(1), pp. 74-109. doi: 10.21608/cguaa.2013.32550
mahmoud, manal. The Torches in Graeco-Roman Egypt The Ritual and Practical uses المشاعل فى مصر اليونانية الرومانية الاستخدامات الطقسيه والعمليه. حولية الاتحاد العام للآثاريين العرب "دراسات فى آثار الوطن العربى", 2013; 16(1): 74-109. doi: 10.21608/cguaa.2013.32550
The Torches in Graeco-Roman Egypt The Ritual and Practical uses المشاعل فى مصر اليونانية الرومانية الاستخدامات الطقسيه والعمليه
قسم الارشاد السياحى – کلية السياحة والفنادق – جامعة الاسکندرية
المستخلص
In Graeco-Roman Egypt , torches were widely used by priests in purifying the ship of Isis , and also were carried in processions by torch-bearers .
Torches and sulphur were often attested as elements of purification ceremonies , since fire had a widespread use in such connections .
Many terracotta torches were found in many places , such as Antinoe ,taking the shape of a tube generally flared , decorated with human and divine heads like Sarapis and Bes , as well as various vegetal motives .
The domestic usage of torches in religious context , gained more importance during the Roman occupation , therefore alongside their presence in grand sanctuaries , they were used extensively at small local sanctuaries , private chapels , and domestic niches .
This research aims to clarify the using of torches in religious and funerary rituals in Graeco-Roman Egypt , besides their practical usage as instrument of lighting .74