Figurines of Harpocrates the Horseman and Isis-Aphrodite in Egyptian Cultural Heritage

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلف

Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University

المستخلص

The fame of Harpocrates was spread all over Egypt during the Graeco-roman period. He was the third member of the Alexandrian triad. As a child deity, he was represented being suckled by his mother Isis or as a child with the traditional Egyptian side hair lock holding a finger to his mouth. Sometimes he is represented with a goose, a dolphin or a riding a horse. The latter is one of his famous forms in which he is represented in different attitudes: victorious wearing military costumes carrying attributes like a knife or a sword and an armor.
Figurines of Isis-Aphrodite were also famous in Graeco-roman Egypt. She was a combination of the Egyptian Isis and the Greek Aphrodite. Isis-Aphrodite took the functions of both, and was represented in a standing attitude nude, or wearing a dress she lifts up to reveal her lower feminine aspects as a symbol of fertility. She is usually represented with the corkscrew tresses hairstyle and wearing an elaborate headdress with the Hathoric-crown.
Many of our thoughts and beliefs in modern Egypt have been linked with the ancient Egyptian traditions. The figurines of Harpocrates the horseman and Isis-Aphrodite are a good example of how the Egyptian cultural heritage has been inherited from one generation to another. Their forms were kept into the Egyptian mind and developed into the forms of sugar doll (Aroset Elmouled) and horseman (Hosan), which have been part of the Egyptian religious ceremonies of El-Mouled or Birth of Prophet Mohamed (peace upon him).
تماثيل حربوقراط الفارس وايزيس-افروديت فى التراث الثقافى المصرى
کانت لعبادة حربوقراط أو حورس الطفل وتماثيله الصغيرة شهرة واسعة في جميع أنحاء مصر القديمة وبالأخص فى العصر اليونانى الرومانى. کان حربوقراط العضو الثالث فى ثالوث الاسکندرية الذي ضم أيضاً سيرابيس وإيزيس. وبوصفه إلها للطفولة، کان يُمثَّل کمولود يرضع من أمه إيزيس أو کطفل بخصلة الشعر الجانبية واضعاً أصبعه أمام فمه. أحياناً أيضاً کان يمثل برفقة أوزة أو دلفين أو فيل. ومن أشهر الأشکال الذى ظهر بها حربوقراط هو شکل الفارس الذى يمتطى حصانه وظهر فى هذه التماثيل بأشکال مختلفة: فکان يمثل کفارس منتصراً يرتدى الملابس العسکرية، أو أحياناً يرتدى الخيتون والهيماتون، وقد يرتدى التاج المزدوج أو إکليل من الزهور أو غطاء للرأس على شکل براعم اللوتس، وقد يحمل فى يده بعض الرموز مثل سيف أو سکين ودرع .
اشتهرت أيضاً التماثيل الصغيرة للإلهة إيزيس-أفروديت في مصر اليونانية الرومانية. کانت تلک الإلهة مزجاً بين الإلهة المصرية إيزيس واليونانية أفروديت، وأخذت وظائف کلاً من الإلهتين. وظهرت فى کل تماثيلها کامرأة عارية، أو ترتدي ثوباً ترفعه بيديها لتکشف عن أعضاءها کأنثى کرمز لوظيفتها کالهة للخصوبة. وعادة ما يتم تمثيل الشعر فى شکل خصلات ملفوفة يعلوه غطاء رأس غنى بالزينة يميزه شکل قرص الشمس بين قرنى البقرة (التاج الحتحورى).
ترتبط کثير من تقاليدنا الآن في مصر بالتقاليد المصرية القديمة المتوارثة. وتمثّل التماثيل الصغيرة لحربوقراط الفارس وإيزيس-أفروديت مثالاً واضحاً لتوارث الأفکار فى مصر من جيل إلى آخر. ويبدو لأهمية حربوقراط وايزيس-افروديت فى مصر قديما ظلت أشکالهما مقدرة فى وجدان المصري على مدار التاريخ وتطورت حتى وصلت إلى فکرة العروسة والحصان المصنعين من الحلوى وهما جزءاً أساسيا من تراث المصريين فى الاحتفال بالمولد النبوى الشريف
 

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