هضبة الجيزه قبل بناء الأهرامات في ضوء الإکتشافات الحديثة Giza before the pyramids, in the light of the recent excavation

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلف

وزارة الاثار

المستخلص

تشتهر هضبة الجيزه بما لديها من أهرامات ومقابر ذات زخارف جيده جدا من عصر الدولة القديمة ولکن الاکتشافات الآثرية الحديثة أظهرت وجود حضارة ما قبل عصر الملک خوفو وهي حضارة بوتو معادي والتي تم العثور على آثارها في العديد من المواقع مثل المعادي ووادي دجله وبوتو وادي دجله هليوبليس، وغيرهاوغيرها. خلال البحث يتم حصر الآثار التي تم العثور عليها قبل عهد خوفو بأکثر من 400 عام حيث يتم استعراض ما أسفرت عنه أعمال الحفائر خلال أکثر من 120 عام والتي لا تزال مستمرة حتى الآن بواسطة بعثات أجنبية ومصرية والتي أسفرت عن وجود دلائل على وجود العديد من الآثار التي تعود إلى فترة عصور ما قبل التاريخ مرورا بعصر الأسرة الأولى والثانية والثالثة. ويتم خلال هذا البحث أيضا التناول باستفاضة حول ناتج أعمال الحفائر في منطقة المدينة السکنية للعمال بناة الأهرام جنوب هضبة الجيزه والتي کشفت عن وجود آثار من حضارة المعادي في هضبة الجيزه لم يتم نشرها من قبل.
Giza is famous by its pyramids, sphinx, and the rich, decorated of the high official’s Old kingdom tombs, but in fact, the site was settled in prehistoric times; Neolithic objects have been found there. There is information scarcity about Giza before Cheops.  This paper aims to shed light on the results of the documentation of pre-dynastic activities in Giza and the interpretation of its contexts. there were Early Dynastic mortuary traditions at Giza, to which attention will be drawn in this paper. Excavations have brought to light funerary monuments dating from the first three dynasties in the southern sector of the Gîza necropolis, but the study of these has been hampered to a certain extent by the lack of an overall plan of the area, marking the locations of the known tombs.
The identification of the Buto-Maadi culture (dating from 3,800 to 3,200 BC) is based on a number of sites in Lower Egypt, such as Maadi, Wadi Degla, , and Buto.  This paper will discuss the old discovered evidence of pre-dynastic occurrence in Giza (especially Maadi culture) as well as the recent excavation at Giza carried out by Ancient Egypt Research Associate revealed evidence of pre-dynastic sherds dated to the Maadi civilization. One of this available information about Giza at the pre-dynastic time is four jars (Although there are a number of Questioning surrounding these jars.) These jars kept in the Egyptian museum with TR. Nos. 18-6-25-(1/2/3/4). These jars reexamined recently by the author. These jars found in 1907 near the Great pyramid during the excavation of Ahmed Kamal but the context is unsecured. Additional evidence from the area surrounding Giza plateau is also used to explore this period in Giza.

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